Yoko Ono was born in Tokyo in 1933 to mother Isoko Ono, the
great-granddaughter of Zenjiro Yasuda of
the Yasuda banking family, and to
father Yeisuke Ono, a banker and one-time classical pianist who was a descendant of an Emperor of Japan. The
name "Yoko" means "ocean child". Two weeks before she was
born, her father was transferred to San Francisco by his employer, the Yokohama
Specie Bank. The
rest of the family followed soon after and Yoko met her father when she was two.
Her younger brother Keisuke was born in December 1936. In 1937, her father was
transferred back to Japan and Ono was enrolled at Tokyo's Gakushuin (also
known as the Peers School), one of the most exclusive schools in Japan.
In 1940, the family moved to New York City, where Ono's father was
working. In 1941, her father was transferred to Hanoi and
the family returned to Japan. Ono was then enrolled in Keimei Gakuen, an
exclusive Christian primary school run by the Mitsui family.
She remained in Tokyo through the great fire-bombing of March 9, 1945. During
the fire-bombing, she was sheltered with other members of her family in a
special bunker in the Azabu district
of Tokyo, far from the heavy bombing. After the bombing, Ono went to the Karuizawa mountain resort with
members of her family.
Ono has said that she and her family were forced to beg for food while
pulling their belongings in a wheelbarrow; and it was during this period in her
life that Ono says she developed her "aggressive" attitude and
understanding of "outsider" status when children taunted her and her
brother, who were once well-to-do. Other stories have her mother bringing a
large number of goods with them to the countryside which they bartered for
food. One famous anecdote has her mother bartering a German-made sewing machine
for sixty kilograms of rice with which to feed the family. Her father remained
in the city and, unbeknownst to them, was believed to have been eventually incarcerated in
a prisoner of war camp in China. In an interview by Democracy Now's Amy Goodman on October 16, 2007, Ono
explained, "He was in French Indochina which
is Vietnamactually...
in Saigon. He was in a concentration camp."
John Lennon once described her as "the world's
most famous unknown artist: everybody knows her name, but nobody knows what she
does." Her circle of friends in the New York art world has included Kate Millett, Nam June Paik, Dan Richter, Jonas Mekas,Merce
Cunningham, Judith Malina, Erica Abeel, Fred DeAsis, Peggy
Guggenheim, Betty Rollin, Shusaku
Arakawa, Adrian Morris,Stefan Wolpe, Keith Haring,
and Andy Warhol,
as well as Maciunas and Young.
Since the 1960s, Ono has been an activist for peace and
human rights. After their wedding, Lennon and Ono held a "Bed-In for Peace"
in their honeymoon suite at theAmsterdam Hilton Hotel in March 1969. The press
fought to get in, presuming that the two would be having sex for their cameras,
but they instead found a pair of newlyweds wearing pajamas and eager to talk
about and promote world peace. Another Bed-In in
May 1969 at the Queen Elizabeth Fairmont in Montreal, Canada, resulted in the
recording of their first single, "Give Peace A Chance", a Top 20 hit
for the newly christened Plastic Ono Band. Other demonstrations with John
included Bagism.
Introduced in Vienna, Bagism encouraged a disregard for physical appearance in
judging others.
In the 1970s, Ono and Lennon became close to many radical leaders,
including Bobby Seale, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, Michael X, John Sinclair (for
whom they organized a benefit after he was imprisoned), Angela Davis, Kate Millett, and David Peel. They appeared
on The Mike Douglas Show and
took over hosting duties for a week, during which Ono spoke at length about the
evils of racism and sexism.
Yoko is an active
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